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Adhesion failures look similar from the outside but have quite different causes. Where the failure occurs tells you most of what you need to know.

Read the failure surface

• •Failure at the rubber-metal interface with bare metal showing — a bonding agent or surface preparation problem.
• •Failure within the rubber, leaving rubber on the metal — the bond is stronger than the rubber; the compound's tear strength or cure state is the issue.
• •Failure in a distinct layer between them — typically a primer or adhesive layer problem, often under-cured or over-thickness.
• •Cord pull-out in tyres or belts — either an adhesion compound issue or a cure timing issue where the bond did not form before the compound set.

Common causes

• •Metal surface not cleaned or blasted to the specified profile, or left too long before bonding.
• •Bonding agent applied too thickly, too thinly, or contaminated.
• •Compound lacking the adhesion promoter system (for example cobalt salts or resorcinol-formaldehyde systems in steel cord compounds).
• •Cure started before the bond could form, or cure temperature too low for the adhesion system.
• •Moisture or oil contamination at the interface.

What to specify

State the substrate and its preparation, the service environment including temperature and any fluid contact, and the test method you will accept the bond against. Ask for adhesion test data on the actual substrate, not on a standard panel. ## Need the documents or today's price? Send us the grade, quantity and destination port — we return a quotation with COA and MSDS attached. Email manager@fipolymer.com or use the inquiry form on this site.